The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral. The effects of silymarin or various products made from the seed of the plant silybum marianum containing silymarin have also been tested on farm animals. Various studies indicate that silymarin exhibits strong antioxidant activity 36 and shows protective effects against hepatic toxicity induced by a wide variety of agents by inhibiting lipid peroxidation 30, 37. Vitamin c ascorbic acid which is a major watersoluble antioxidant is believed to decrease lipid peroxidation either directly or indirectly by regenerating vitamin e. Mar 27, 2014 silymarin has both hepatoprotective and regenerative actions. Due to its proven hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties, silymarin is being used in the current study as a standard agent for comparison with garlic on hepatoprotective effects. Silymarin is an antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Identification of hepatoprotective flavonolignans from silymarin.
It could be concluded that ethanol extract of silybium marianum have a significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity and may be useful for patients who suffer from liver diseases. This study is to assess the therapeutic effect of sil in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through metaanalysis. The aim of present study was to compare hepatoprotective effects. Silibinin, also known as silybin both from silybum, the generic name of the plant from which it is extracted, is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silichristin, silidianin, and others. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance.
Recently, rastegarpanah and coworkers 49 conducted a randomized doubleblind placebocontrolled clinical trial, and. Identification of hepatoprotective flavonolignans from. Silymarin has both hepatoprotective and regenerative actions. The therapeutic effect of silymarin in the treatment of. Renoprotective effect of silymarin on gentamicin induced. It can also interact directly with the cell membrane components to prevent any abnormalities in the content of lipid fraction responsible for maintaining normal fluidity. The histological architecture of paracetamoltreated liver section showed fatty degeneration. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections. Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of curcuma longa. Liver damage was induced in wistar rats by administering a 1. This plant contains at least seven flavoligands and the flavonoid taxifolin. Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin during negative.
It is widely prescribed by herbalists and has almost no known side. The liver function markers alanine aminotransferase alt, aspartate aminotransferase ast, alkaline phosphatase alp, and gammaglutamyl transferase. Kupffer and hsc engulf the apoptotic bodies from hepatocytes and both types of cells become activated, enhancing the production of inflammation, fibrogenic genes, and death ligands, which in turn stimulate even more hepatocyte apoptosis that culminates in hepatic. Hepatoprotective effects of artichoke cynara scolymus. In order to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of slm, balbc mice were pretreated with slm 100 mgkg b. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of ginkgo biloba. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of sesamum indicum linn. In order to identify the molecular mechanism involved in the hepatoprotection of ifc305 in ccl 4induced cirrhosis in rats, we extended our studies to analyze the effect of the compound on the different liver cells in vitro.
The hepatoprotective effect of diltiazem and silymarin. Silymarin sil is an extract of milk thistle silybum marianum, which has been used for 2000 years. Silymarin prevents acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity in mice. This corresponds mainly to hepatocellular involvement of the liver. A total of 240 dayold broilers were divided into 4 equal groups n 60 composed of a control group receiving 1 mlkg bw saline and 3 groups treated with silymarin receiving 100 mgkg bw silymarin, ccl 4 receiving 1 mlkg bw ccl 4, and. Hscs are quiescent vitamin astoring cells in the normal liver. Silymarin is the most known hepatoprotective drug used as a reference standard also exhibited significant protective effect against ccl4 induced liver damage. The present study revealed that allamanda neriifolia hook of high dosage possess a significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity and it can be employed in protecting tissue from oxidative stress.
Acetaminophen or paracetamol apap overdose is a common cause of liver injury. The main component of silymarin is silibinin in a 50. Hadaruga department of applied chemistry and organicnatural compounds engineering, politehnica university of timisoara, faculty of industrial chemistry and environmental engineering, 300006timisoara, pta victoriei 2, romania. The therapeutic effect of silymarin in the treatment of nona. Except for the observed biochemical blood indicators in experimental animals, it is also possible to carry out the histopathological examination of the liver to prove the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin crocenzi and roma 2006. Silymarin is a mixture of flavonolignans extracted from the milk thistle silybum marianum gaertneri and has a history as a medical plant for almost two millennia. The aim of this study was to investigate, evaluate and confirm the potential cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects of administration of silymarin, rich in silibinin, at a dose of 60 mgkg orally for a time.
Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the dose response curve, if any of silymarin. The plant is native to the mediterranean and grows throughout europe, north america, india, china, south america, africa and a. This effect is mediated by scavenging of free radicals, decreasing formation of reactive oxygen species ros and inhibition of fatty acid peroxidation. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of silymarin is caused by its ability to inhibit the free radicals that are produced from the metabolism of. Silymarin is obtained from the seeds of silybum marianum m ilk thistle, an edible plant that has been used medicinally from ancien t times for the treatment of various liver disorders. However, the hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides extracted from.
Gt were determined to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of citral. This article needs attention from an expert in medicine. As in previous clinical studies in ald, the results ob. Silymarin offers good protection in various toxic models of. It is widely prescribed by herbalists and has almost no known side effects. The hepatoprotective activities were assessed on the basis of selected biochemical blood indicators in chicken. Hepatoprotective effects of milk thistle silybum marianum. Research article hepatoprotective effect of silymarin. The aim of present study was to compare hepatoprotective effects of cassia fistula leaves and. Sixteen male iranian sheep were divided into four equal groups. It is used in different liver disorders, particularly chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, because of its antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antifibrotic power. Some studies have shown the hepatoprotective effect of lemongrass on hepatotoxicity in experimental model in rats or mice 11, 40, 41 and according to our results, we suggest that this improvement in liver damage by pretreatment with lemongrass essential oil may be associated with citral content, since citral is the major constituent of c. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of silymarin is caused by its ability to inhibit the free radicals that are produced from the metabolism of toxic substances such as ethanol.
Mar 30, 2010 silymarin, also known as milk thistle extract, inhibits hepatitis c virus hcv infection and also displays antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions that contribute to its hepatoprotective effects. Hepatoprotective effect of citral on acetaminopheninduced. Silymarin is the main active complex extracted from the milk thistle silybum marianum l. Silymarin prevents acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity in. Sil is a standard extract of the milk thistle fruit and seed and standardized milk thistle is 70% sil. This study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on ccl 4induced oxidative stress in broiler chickens model. The present study seeks to examine the acute hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on tnf. Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of curcuma. Animals normotensive n or hypertensive shr were treated or not with apap 3 gkg, oral or previously treated with slm.
Administration of cuminum cyminum, phyllanthus emblicus extract and silymarin remarkably showed the hepatoprotective effect in the albino mice. Silymarin derived from the milk thistle plant silybum marianum is composed of four major flavonolignans. Mar 27, 2014 silymarin is a natural compound derived from the species silybum marianum, which is commonly known as milk thistle. Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of. Pharmacologic evidence from numerous studies in the last few decades supports potential therapeutic benefits of milk thistle and silymarin in liver necroinflammation and fibrogenesis given its free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti.
In the current study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective actions of the seven major flavonolignans and one flavonoid that comprise silymarin. Is silymarin hepatoprotective in alcoholic liver disease. Silymarin is a natural compound derived from the species silybum marianum, which is commonly known as milk thistle. Silymarinloaded slns by cold homogenization method than hot homogenization was found to highly efficient with the relative bioavailability at 2. Silymarin slm is a hepatoprotective agent widely used for treating liver injury of different origin. Silymarin is the extract of silybum marianum, or milk thistle, and its major active compound is silybin, which has a remarkable biological effect. Hepatoprotective property of vitamin c is attributed to it antioxidant property. It is also unclear how the sample size was determined 6 animals in the treatment and control groups since no power calculations are given in terms of silymarins effect size. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cynara scolymus extract alone or in combination with silymarin on the carbon tetrachloride ccl4induced hepatic injury in rats. Silymarin isolated from the milk thistle silybum marianum is arguably the most commonly used medication for various liver diseases.
The protective effect of this extract may be attributed to presence of flavonoids compounds and their antioxidant effects. Various studies indicate that silymarin exhibits strong antioxidant activity and shows protective effects against hepatic toxicity induced by a wide variety of agents by inhibiting lipid peroxidation 30, 37. However, the underlying mechanisms are only incompletely understood. Hepatoprotective effect of oral application of a silymarin. Silymarin sil is an active extraction of the silybum marianum, milk thistle, which is an ancient medicinal plant for treatment of various liver diseases for centuries. Wikiproject medicine may be able to help recruit an expert. In the present study, we determine the mechanism of protective effect of garlic and silymarin in combination on hepatotoxicity induced by ndea. Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin during negative energy. Protective effects of garlic and silymarin on ndeainduced. Hepatoprotection or antihepatotoxicity is the ability of a chemical substance to prevent damage to the liver. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of silymarin slm on the hypertension state and the liver function changes induced by acetaminophen apap in spontaneously hypertensive rat shr. This study is to assess the therapeutic effect of sil in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through metaanalysis methods.
Moreover, silymarin is able to moderate the immune system, by boosting il4, ifn. Albumin almost comparable to the silymarin 25mgkg treated group. Clinical as well as experimental studies indicate hepatoprotective effects of silymarin. Twelve hours after apap administration, plasmatic levels of liver function. Hepatoprotective effect of crude polysaccharides extracted. The first mechanism is due to its dosedependent antioxidant effect. Silymarin slm is a lipophilic extract isolated from the seeds and fruits of silybum marianum, a herbaceous plant belonging to the family compositae and native to a narrow area of the mediterranean. Hepatoprotective effects of cynara extract and silymarin. In this study, we evaluated the effects of citral in a murine model of hepatotoxicity induced by apap. Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from milk thistle silybum marianum which has a history as a medical plant for almost two millennia.
Gbp 25 and 50 mgkg and silymarin elicited significant hepatoprotective activity by decreasing the activities of serum marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation and elevated the levels of gsh, sod, cat, gpx, gr, alb and tp in a dose. Aminoguanidine potentiates the hepatoprotective effect of. Negative controls were performed using the same conditions but without h 2 o 2. Silymarin has hepatoprotective properties and is used in treatment of various liver diseases. Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin silybum marianum on. The protective effects of silymarin against doxorubicin. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of sesamum indicum. Silymarin, also known as milk thistle extract, inhibits hepatitis c virus hcv infection and also displays antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions that contribute to its hepatoprotective effects. Two hours after the last slm dose, the mice were administered. The present study seeks to examine the acute hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silymarin on compromised liver where negative energy balance primes a series of metabolic disorders. Published randomized controlled trials rcts were included from.
Silymarin has been used extensively to treat human liver diseases. Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin europe pmc article. Silymarin is a complex of five major compounds, and silibinin is the most biologically active component of the complex. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral administration of a defined silymarin extract in the model of acute. Vitamin c is an important free radical scavenger in extracellular fluids, trapping radicals and. Mar 24, 2010 silymarin has been used extensively to treat human liver diseases.
Silymarin is obtained from this pdf is available for free download from a site hosted by medknow publications silybum marianum milk thistle. Hepatoprotective effects of artichoke cynara scolymus 46 the hepatoprotective activity of cynarin against carbon tetrachloride ccl4induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes was compared with other phenolic compounds. Silymarin forms a complex that impedes the entrance of toxins into the interior of liver cells. The hepatoprotective effect of diltiazem and silymarin burczynski fj1,2, yan j 1, gong y. Original article comparing hepatoprotective effects of. Antioxidant activity of hepatoprotective silymarin and silybum marianum l. Silibinin itself is a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin a and. Hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on ccl4induced. Histopathological studies the hepatoprotective effect of sesamum indicum was confirmed by histopathological examination of liver tissue of control and treated animals. Cynara extract 30, 60, or 120 mgkg, silymarin 25 mgkg, or cynara extract 30, 60, or 120 mgkg combined with silymarin was given once daily orally simultaneously with ccl4 and for 2 weeks thereafter. The damage and apoptosis of hepatocytes, together with the activation of hsc, are key events in liver inflammation and fibrogenesis. Pdf hepatoprotective effects of milk thistle seed silybum.
Hepatology research has focused on developing traditional therapies as pharmacological medicines to treat liver cirrhosis. The hepatoprotective effect of clre was measured in a rat model of thioacetamideinduced liver. Hepatoprotective effects of cynara extract and silymarin on. Histopathological evaluation of the liver architecture also revealed that all the treated animals have.
Milk thistle has been used since the 16th century for liver disease and sil has been marketed since 1969. The protective effects of ginkgo biloba phytosomes gbp on carbon tetrachloride ccl 4. Thus, this study evaluated mechanisms of the hepatoprotective activity of curcuma longa rhizome ethanolic extract clre on thioacetamideinduced liver cirrhosis in rats. Slm is composed of several avonolignans isomers % with small amounts of avonoids and fatty acids % and. Only cynarin and, to a lesser extent, caffeic acid showed a cytoprotective effect adzet, 1987. Its beneficial effect has been proven in periparturient dairy cows. High doses of acetaminophen apap lead to acute liver damage. The mechanism of action is a reduction of the fr formed by toxins that damage the cell membranes lpo and competitive inhibition through hepatocyte external cell membrane modification.
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